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HEMATOLOGY
Hematology is the area of medicine that deals with diseases related to blood (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) and hematopoietic organs (bone marrow, ganglia and spleen). Blood is a liquid tissue that circulates in the body's veins and arteries, essential for us.
The hematologist studies, diagnoses and treats changes and diseases of the blood and its related organs, including:
ANEMIA
Characterized by a deficiency in the concentration of hemoglobin or the production of red blood cells. Its symptoms include tiredness, poor memory, dizziness and weakness. They can occur due to vitamin deficiency (e.g. iron, vitamin B12, folic acid), hereditary or even autoimmune diseases.
PLATELET DISORDERS
They can be classified as numerical disorders (thrombocytopenia: low platelets, and thrombocytosis: high platelets) and functional disorders (change in their function) with numerous causes. These changes can cause bleeding, bruises or thrombosis.
THROMBOPHILIES
Tendency to thrombosis resulting from hereditary or acquired coagulation changes, which lead to a pro-thrombotic state. The most common causes of hereditary thrombophilia are factor V Leiden mutation and prothrombin gene mutation.
HYPERFERRITINEMIA
A common finding in clinical practice, since ferritin is a marker of the acute phase and, therefore, is elevated in several situations (e.g.: infection, malignancy, autoimmune disease). In many cases, hyperferritinemia is attributed to iron overload, the main cause of which is hereditary hemochromatosis.
ACUTE AND CHRONIC LEUKEMIA
Leukemia is a malignant disease of white blood cells, generally of unknown origin, which causes the accumulation of diseased cells in the bone marrow. The most common types are: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES
Group of clonal diseases of bone marrow cells, which can affect one or more cell lineages. They tend to be proliferative, leading to an increase in white and/or red blood cells and/or platelets. The most common are Essential Thrombocythemia, Polycythemia Vera and Myelofibrosis.
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
It is a cancer of a type of bone marrow cells called plasma cells, responsible for producing antibodies that fight viruses and bacteria. Plasma cells are abnormal and multiply quickly, compromising the production of other blood cells and may also compromise bones and kidneys.
LYMPHOMAS
Lymphoma occurs when a normal cell in the lymphatic system mutates, starts to multiply without stopping and spread throughout the body.
The different types of lymphomas have different behavior and levels of aggressiveness. They can be divided into 2 large groups: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma .